Enviromental Microbe life Condition

Microbial Physiology

Bacterial and their environmental life

1.  Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to +10 °C.  Among the bacteria that can tolerate extreme cold are Arthrobacter sp., Psychrobacter sp. and members of the genera Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Hyphomonas, and Sphingomonas.

 Cold Environment temperature for Psychrophiles bacteria like in the north and south poles 

2.     A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between 20 and 45 °C (68 and 113 °F).  Some notable mesophiles include Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Other examples of species of mesophiles are Clostridium kluyveri, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Thiobacillus novellus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Moderate environment temperature for Mesophiles bacteria like in our normal temperature

3.    A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106 and 252 °F).  Eg, Lactobacillus thermophilus, Thermo aquaticus, and etc.

High-temperature environment for Thermophiles bacteria like hot spring in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone's, USA

4.  A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upwards. An optimal temperature for the existence of hyperthermophiles is above 80 °C (176 °F).   Methanococcus jannaschii, Geothermobacterium ferrireducens n etc.

Extreme high-temperature environment for hyperthermophiles bacteria like lake of lava

Sajak : Rasulullah Teladan No. 1 UiTM Negeri Sembilan

Sajak:  Rasulullah Teladan No. 1

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Sesungguhnya pergi mu sangat dirindui

Engkaulah cahaya di atas cahaya

Yang tak kan pernah padam

Hingga akhir zaman

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Engkau adalah artis bagi kami

Engkau adalah role model bagi kami

Engkau adalah ikutan bagi yang mukmin

Wujudnya engkau penuh dengan 1000 nikmat

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Tak pernah aku menatap wajahmu

Tak pernah kulihat cara pemerintahanmu

Tapi aku dapat merasa aura kepimpinanmu

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Engkau pengakhir dari segala nabi

Yang mengajar kami kitab nan suci

Lewat kallam illahi

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Hadirmu laksana lilin

Yang menerangi dikala kegelapan

Yang menyuluh jalan kebenaran

Ya Rasulullah Ya Habiballah

Akan ku sambut seruan mu

Bagi menegakkan islam yang satu

Bagi menahankan maruah bangsamu

Bagi mengejar syahid bersamamu

ECO 120 Principles of Economics Assignment

WAN MUHAMAD QUSYAIRI BIN WAN MAZLAN   2013xxxxxx  DIPLOMA IN MICROBIOLOGY

ECO 120 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT

1.     Differentiate between socialism and capitalism economic systems.

	CAPITALISM	SOCIALISM
Definition	A theory or system of social organization based on a free market and privatization in which ownership is ascribed to the individual persons. Voluntary co-ownership is also permitted.	A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of most property in common, with actual ownership ascribed to the workers.
Key Elements	Competition for ownership of capital drives economic activity & creates a price system that determines resource allocation; profits are reinvested in the economy. "Production for profit": useful goods and services are a byproduct of pursuing profit.	Economic activity and production especially are adjusted by the State to meet human needs and economic demands. "Production for use": useful goods and services are produced specifically for their usefulness.
Economic System	Market-based economy combined with private or corporate ownership of the means of production. Goods and services are produced to make a profit, and this profit is reinvested into the economy to fuel economic growth.	The means of production are owned by public enterprises or cooperatives, and individuals are compensated based on the principle of individual contribution. Production may variously be coordinated through either economic planning or markets.

2..     Discuss the basic economic problems.

                    I.            What to produce?

·         Depends on what type of goods and services to produce.

                  II.            How to produce?

·         Depends on the cheapest method of production.

               III.            For whom to produce?

·         Depends on the distribution of income

3.      

A.     Define demand

·         Demand is defined as the ability and willingness to buy specific quantities of goods in a given period of time at a particular price, ceteris paribus. 

B.     List non-price determinants of demands.

Non-Price Determinants of Demand

·         Changes in Consumer Incomes.

·         Changes in Tastes and Preferences for Consumer Goods.

·         Changes in Population Size and Population Demographics.

·         Changes in Expectations of Future Prices.

·         Changes in the Prices of Related Substitute and Complement Goods.

4.     What is the difference between individual supply and market supply?

Individual supply	Market supply
The relationship between quantity of a product supplied by a single seller and its price	The relationship between total quantity of the product supplied by adding all the quantities supplied by all sellers in the market and its price

5.     Differentiate between floor price and ceiling price.

ceiling price	floor price
price is not allowed to raise	price is not allowed to fall
known as maximum price	known as minimum price
a shortage occurs	surplus occurs

6.     Discuss the determinants of price elasticity of demand.

·         Measure how much the quantity demanded of the good response to a change in the price of that good.

·         It is computed as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by a percentage change in price.

7.     What is a monopoly? What are the characteristics of monopoly structure?

      A monopoly is a market structure in which there are a single seller and large numbers of buyers that sell products that have no close substitutes.  The entry and exit barriers are also high.

      The characteristics of monopoly structure :

                                                         i.   One seller and a large number of buyers.

A monopolist is a price maker since there is only one seller and it has the power to control the prices in the market.

                                                       ii.   No close substitutes:

Monopolies firm would sell products in which there are no close substitutes.

                                                     iii.   Restriction of entry of new firms.

                                                     iv.   Advertising: Advertising in a monopoly market depends on the products sold.

Contoh Minit Mesyuarat

Contoh Minit Mesyuarat Pengawas Sekolah 2012

Tarikh:00 Januari  20_ _

Masa:2.00 petang

Tempat:Bilik Gerakan Pengawas SMKSS

Kehadiran:Semua pengawas

AGENDA	BUTIRAN	TINDAKAN
1.0 Ucapan aluan pengerusi majlis	1.1 Mengucapkan terima kasih serta mengalu-alukan kedatangan pengawas disiplin SMKSS 1.2 Menyatakan tujuan mesyuarat ini dan berharap agar mesyuarat dapat berjalan dengan lancar serta mencapai persetujuan semua pihak demi meningkatkan disiplin sekolah.
2.0 Tugas-tugas pengawas	2.1 Kumpulan pengawas telah diubah menjadi enam  kumpulan. 2.2 Ketua setiap kumpulan perlu membahagikan tugas kepada anak buah meraka. 2.3 Perhimpunan  rasmi pada hari ahad hendaklah dikawal dengan teratur. 2.4 Kumpulan pengawas yang bertugas pada minggu itu hendaklah menolong guru-guru yang bertugas. 2.5 Pengawas perlu mengambil surah yasin pada hari khamis sebelum pukul 7.30 pagi.
3.0 Masalah pengawas	3.1 Pengawas tidak menjalankan tugas dengan baik. 3.2 Pengawas tidak menonjolkan diri dan bercakap dengan pelajar lain. 3.3 Penampilan pengawas tidak mengikut buku peraturan sekolah. 3.4 Pengawas memberi contoh yang tidak baik kepada para pelajar.
4.0 Masalah pelajar	4.1 Membuat bising ketika dalam barisan. 4.2 Lambat bergerak ke tapak perhimpunan setiap pagi. 4.3 Membeli di kantin sekolah bukan pada waktu yang sepatutnya. 4.4 Sering membuang masa dengan melepak di tangga dan tempat-tempat yang tersembunyi. 4.5 Terdapat pelajar yang bercinta berjumpa di tempat yang sunyi di kawasan sekolah. 4.6 Pengawalan pelajar perempuan yang tidak boleh solat tidak terurus. 4.7 Terdapat sebilangan pelajar pulang awal terutamanya apabila kokurikulum dijalankan. 4.8 Ramai pelajar membawa telefon ke sekolah dan bermain telefon ketika guru mengajar di dalam kelas. 4.9 Putung rokok semakin kerap dijumpai di bawah tangga,di belakang bangunan dan tandas.
5.0 Lain-lain hal	5.1 Yuran pengawas perlu dibayar untuk jamuan akhir tahun. 5.2 Pengawas perlu bekerjasama dengan guru membuat pemeriksaan ke atas pelajar dan beg sekolah mereka. 5.3 Pengawas yang tidak boleh solat perlu bertindak mengawal pelajar agar mereka tidak merayau. 5.4 Sebarang masalah  berkaitan tingkah laku pelajar hendaklah diajukan kepada guru disiplin atau guru pengawas.

Tuan pengerusi mengucapkan terima kasih dan memohon maaf jika terdapat salah dan silap ketika mesyuarat ini berlangsung.Majlis bersurai setelah doa dibacakan.

Yang Menjalankan Tugas                                                         00 Januari 20_ _

(                                                          )

Setiausaha,

Badan Pengawas SMK Seri Serating ,

Marang,Terengganu